The Qin and Han Dynasties
China’s Early Dynasties and The Emergence of Taoism
When did Taoism become popular in Chinese society? How did this religion expand in the Han Dynasty?
The Qin and Han Dynasties: Taoism in Early China
Even though Taoist religion can be traced back to the 4th century B.C.E., it did not become popular in Chinese society until the reign of the Han Dynasty. Starting in 206 B.C.E., the Han ruled over China for four centuries. This period is often cited as the most important in Taoist history, due to the emergence of various philosophical schools (which stressed the teachings of Lao Tzu) and other religious rituals.
China’s Early Dynasties and The Emergence of Taoism
The Han Dynasty was not the first ruling class of China. The Shang, which ruled during the years 1500-1050 B.C.E., is the first known Chinese dynasty. Shang rulers divided the vast land into separate regions, often resulting in conflict amongst local rulers. In 1050 B.C.E., the Shang were overthrown by the Zhou. The Zhou Dynasty became known for their elaborate central courts and artwork. Their rule however, came to an end in 256 B.C.E when they were defeated by the Qin Dynasty.
It was during the Qin Dynasty (221-206 B.C.E.) that schools of Taoist Philosophy began to emerge. This era, also known as the "Warring States" period, was characterized by political infighting and social unease. Shi Huangdi, the famous ruler of the Qin Dynasty, built the Great Wall of China during this time as well. After his death, the reign of the Han Dynasty began.
Han Dynasty
Unlike other dynasties, the Han wanted to unite China under one empire. During this period, China’s Southern and Western boarder were expanded and the first centralized government was established.
In the Han Dynasty, Taoism was categorized into two different groups: Daojia (Philosophical) and Daojiao (Religious). It is believed that during the Han Dynasty, institutionalized Religious Taoism was founded by Chang Tao-ling. Chang Tao-ling’s primarily concern was health, ritual practices, and alchemy. Later, he took the name of T’ien Shin (The Son of Heaven), and continued to spread Taoist notions and alchemical techniques throughout the empire. Another important Religious Taoist, Heshang Gong, wrote the first commentary of Lao Tzu’s the Tao Te Ching during this period as well.
Philosophical Taoism also continued to grow. Education became very important during Han rule, and more schools were being established following the teachings of Lao Tzu. It was through these teachings, that Taoism remained a staple of Chinese life. Even after the emerge of Buddhism, Taoism still remained popluar due to the importantace of the Philosophical teachings of Lao Tzu.
